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June 11 - August 16, 2025

Welcome

The Grant Park Music Festival is a ten-week classical music concert series held annually in Chicago, Illinois’ Millennium Park.

It features the Grant Park Orchestra and Chorus, along with guest performers and conductors, and is one of the only free outdoor classical-music concert series in the US.

C10_Janai_Brugger

Brahms Symphony No. 2

Program


Anton Bruckner Psalm 150 (9 mins)


Margaret Bonds Credo (23 mins)

I Believe in God
Especially Do I Believe in the Negro Race
I Believe in Pride of Race
I Believe in the Devil and His Angels
I Believe in the Prince of Peace
I Believe in Liberty
I Believe in Patience

Intermission (20 mins)


Johannes Brahms Symphony No. 2 (43 mins)

Allegro non troppo
Adagio non troppo
Allegretto grazioso (Quasi andantino)
Allegro con spirito

Featuring

  • Grant Park Orchestra
    Grant Park Orchestra

    Grant Park Orchestra

    Orchestra

  • Anthony Parnther
    Anthony_Parnther

    Anthony Parnther

    Conductor

  • Grant Park Chorus
    Chorus

    Grant Park Chorus

    Chorus

  • Eugene Rogers
    Eugene_Rogers

    Eugene Rogers

    Guest Chorus Director

  • Janai Brugger
    Janai_Bruggar

    Janai Brugger

    Soprano

  • Sankara Harouna
    Sankara_Harouna

    Sankara Harouna

    Baritone

Program Notes

Anton Bruckner – Psalm 150

Anton Bruckner (1824–1896)
Psalm 150
, WAB 38 (1892)
Scored for:
two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four French horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, strings, chorus, and solo soprano
Performance time: 9 minutes
First Grant Park Orchestra performance:
August 4, 1984; Thomas Peck, conductor and Sarah Beatty, soprano

Although Anton Bruckner is most often remembered for his monumental symphonies, sacred music dominated much of the composer’s early career. A devout Catholic, Brucker grew up singing at St. Florian’s monastery near Linz, Austria, and later became organist there. After leaving his post and moving to Vienna in the 1860s, Bruckner turned his focus to the symphonic form, largely withdrawing from writing sacred works. His Te Deum(1884) and Psalm 150 (1892) are two notable exceptions. Bruckner was commissioned to write a sacred piece for orchestra and chorus to open a music festival in May 1892. Although he did not complete Psalm 150 in time for the festival, the work premiered in November at the Musikverein in Vienna.

Fittingly, Bruckner turned to the last psalm in the Book of Psalms for his final sacred work. The text entreats every living thing to praise God with music and dance, listing all manner of instruments, from trumpets and harps to organs and cymbals. Bruckner’s Psalm 150 is similar to his Te Deum in its exultant tone and key of C major. The piece opens with a resounding exclamation of “Hallelujah!” in full orchestra and chorus, which recurs before an intricate fugue of intense chromaticism and harrowing octave leaps. The fugue subject recalls that of the finale of his Fifth Symphony, revealing Bruckner’s symphonic thinking even in this relatively short work.

Margaret Bonds – Credo

Margaret Allison Bonds (1913–1972)
Credo
(1967)
Scored for:
two flutes including piccolo, two oboes, three bassoons including contrabassoon, two French horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion, harp, strings, chorus, solo soprano, and solo baritone
Performance time: 23 minutes
First Grant Park Orchestra performance

Margaret Bonds grew up in a relatively affluent Black family on the south side of Chicago. Her mother, a church musician, opened their home to young Black artists, writers, and musicians, including composer Florence Price, who would become Margaret’s teacher. Growing up in this environment, Bonds demonstrated musical talent from a young age, composing her first piece at age five. She went on to study at Northwestern University, where she earned her bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Unfortunately, Bonds faced intense racial prejudice there, as she was barred from using the university’s library, dining hall, and other facilities. She found solace in the work of Harlem Renaissance poet Langston Hughes during this time. She and Hughes later struck up a deep creative partnership and friendship that lasted for over 30 years, spurring her to compose numerous works on themes of social justice.

Bonds wrote Credo at the height of the civil rights movement in the mid-1960s, though the work remained unpublished until 2020. The piano–vocal version premiered in 1967 with Bonds at the piano. The orchestral version, produced shortly after, is dedicated in part to Hughes, who passed away in 1967. Credo sets W. E. B. Du Bois’s influential prose poem of the same name. Just eight years before Du Bois wrote Credo, the US Supreme Court had declared that racial segregation did not violate the US Constitution in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). This ruling strengthened Jim Crow laws and intensified violence and oppression against Black Americans. In his nine-paragraph manifesto, Du Bois declares that racial equality and justice are ordained by God rather than granted by man. He also condemns war and imperialism, affirms the inherent dignity and worth of Black people, and promotes the pursuit of knowledge for the betterment of society.

Bonds’s cantata—with its powerful melodies, rich harmonic palette, and blend of Western classical and African American musical traditions—captures the conviction and passion of Du Bois’s Credo while exploring its wide emotional range. The first movement, “I Believe in God,” begins with a powerful homophonic choral statement of “I believe in God, who made of one blood all nations that on earth do dwell.” This statement in stark parallel fifths sets the tone of the piece and recurs throughout the cantata. Next, “Especially Do I Believe in the Negro Race” features a lyrical soprano solo inflected with blue notes, which the choir echoes like a call and response. “I Believe in Pride of Race” highlights the tenors and basses in an authoritative march, while a menacing ostinato of percussive strings, timpani, and bassoon tremolo pervades “I Believe in the Devil.” In stark contrast, a subtle reference to the Christmas hymn “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing” begins “I Believe in the Prince of Peace,” followed by angelic singing by the upper voices of the choir. “I Believe in Liberty” features an expressive solo for baritone, while the undulating orchestra evokes the movement of a train. Finally, “I Believe in Patience” recalls themes and rhythmic ideas from the previous movements, including a final statement of the opening “I Believe in God” theme, the cyclical nature of the work signifying that the journey toward justice and equality is not a straight line—or far from over.

Johannes Brahms – Symphony No. 2

Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Symphony No. 2 in D major, op. 73
(1877)
Scored for:
two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four French horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings
Performance time: 43 minutes
First Grant Park Orchestra performance:
July 21, 1936; Richard Czerwonky, conductor

“I shall never write a symphony!” Johannes Brahms protested in 1870. “You can’t have any idea what it’s like always to hear such a giant marching behind you.” The giant in question was, of course, Ludwig van Beethoven. Like many other 19th-century composers, Brahms (1833–1897) was intimidated by inevitable comparisons with the mighty symphonist to the point of paralysis. After ripping off the proverbial Band-Aid with the completion of his First Symphony in 1876, a great weight was lifted from Brahms’s shoulders, allowing him to complete his Second Symphony in just a few months in 1877.

Whereas the First Symphony strives heroically from darkness to light, the Second is more relaxed, even pastoral. Naturally, this juxtaposition invited comparisons to Beethoven’s Fifth and “Pastoral” Symphonies, also composed in quick succession. However, the rumble of timpani and groan of trombones in Brahms’s Second Symphony indicate that all is not sunshine and rainbows. When an admirer of Brahms questioned this darkness, the composer confessed he was “a severely melancholic person” and that “black wings are constantly flapping above us.”

The cellos and basses open the first movement with a simple four-note motif, D-C#-D-A, over which the horns intone a soft pastoral melody. That unassuming bass motif ends up being the glue that holds the symphony together, as the first three notes are heard numerous times in various guises throughout the symphony. Brahms makes sure to repeat the figure a few times at the beginning to get it in the listener’s ear. The second full theme then recalls Brahms’s famous “Lullaby,” introduced by the cellos and violas and later decorated by the flute, while the more agitated development section reveals a darkness lurking beneath the surface.

The Adagio explores the shadows hinted at in the first movement. Again, it begins with two concurrent themes: a rising line in the bassoons, which moves in contrary motion against a rich cello melody. The horn develops a fragment of the cello melody in a short fugue before the winds introduce a grazioso theme over pizzicato cello. The syncopation of this theme lends the Adagio a sense of forward movement while remaining in the same slow tempo. The three-note motif from the first movement can be heard in the trombones and bassoons, echoed by the tuba and basses. Throughout the movement, Brahms continually builds the tension with greater syncopation, smaller subdivisions of the beat, and an increased rate of harmonic change, before releasing the tension, only to build it up again.

The lighter texture of the Allegretto offers some reprieve thanks to the omission of the trumpets, trombones, tuba, and timpani. The charming serenade in the oboe over pizzicato cello contrasts with two trio sections that are variations on the scherzo theme in double time. The brusque drone of the low strings under the playfully accented staccato strings and winds creates a rustic feel. The finale begins in an excited sotto voce that bubbles with potential energy. The power of the orchestra soon bursts forth, with the trombones finally returning to the texture in the recapitulation, ending in a resplendent D major.

—Katherine Buzard

Event Sponsors

This program is graciously underwritten as part of the Dehmlow Choral Music Series. The performance of Credo by Margaret Bonds is generously supported by the Robert and Isabelle Bass Foundation, Inc.

The appearance of Sankara Harouna is graciously made possible with support from the David H. Whitney and Juliana Y. Chyu Next Generation Vocalist Fund.

Artistic Leadership

  • Giancarlo Guerrero
    Welcome Letter from Giancarlo

    Giancarlo Guerrero

    Conductor

  • Christopher Bell
    Christopher_Bell

    Christopher Bell

    Chorus Director

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Grant Park Orchestra

* denotes leave-of-absence † one-year position

Violin I

Jeremy Black, concertmaster

Trista Wong, acting assistant concertmaster

Zulfiya Bashirova

Jennifer Cappelli

Laura Park Chen†

Injoo Choi

Dima Dimitrova

Erica Hudson

Hyewon Kim*

Matthew Lehmann

Jayna Park

Rika Seko

Karen Sinclair

Bonnie Terry

Krzysztof Zimowski

Violin II

Liba Shacht, principal

Laura Miller, assistant principal*

Ying Chai

Ran Cheng

Karl Davies

Likai He

Ann Lehmann

Cristina Muresan*

Kjersti Nostbakken

Irene Radetzky

Jeanine Wynton

Thomas Yang

Bing Jing Yu†

Viola

Terri Van Valkinburgh, principal

Yoshihiko Nakano, assistant principal

Elizabeth Breslin*

Beatrice Chen

Amy Hess

Christopher McKay†

Edwardo Rios†

Rebecca Swan

Chloé Thominet

Cello

Walter Haman, principal

Peter Szczepanek, assistant principal

Calum Cook

Larry Glazier

Steven Houser

Eric Kutz

Eran Meir

Double Bass

Colin Corner, principal

Peter Hatch, assistant principal

Andrew Anderson

Christian Luevano

Samuel Rocklin

Chunyang Wang

Chris White

Flute

Jennifer Lawson, acting principal

Jennifer Clippert†

Alyce Johnson, acting assistant principal

Piccolo

Alyce Johnson

Oboe

Mitchell Kuhn, principal

Alex Liedtke

Anne Bach, assistant principal

English Horn

Anne Bach

Clarinet

Dario Brignoli, principal

Trevor O’Riordan

Bassoon

Eric Hall, principal

Nicole Haywood Vera Tenorio, assistant principal

Contrabassoon

Juan De Gomar†

French Horn

Patrick Walle, acting principal†

Stephanie Blaha, assistant principal*

Neil Kimel

Brett Hodge

Paul Clifton

Trumpet

David Gordon, principal

Mike Brozick, acting assistant principal

William Denton*

Rebecca Oliverio†

Trombone

Daniel Cloutier, principal*

Jeremy Moeller, acting principal

Lee Rogers, acting assistant principal†

Bass Trombone

Alexander Mullins

Tuba

Andrew Smith, principal

Timpani

Daniel Karas, principal

Percussion

Josh Jones, principal

Joel Cohen, assistant principal

Doug Waddell

Harp

Kayo Ishimaru-Fleisher, principal*

Keyboards

Christopher Guzman

Orchestra Librarian

Eliza Bangert, principal

String Fellows

Javier F. Torres-Delgado, violin

Maria Gabriela Mendez Martinez, violin

Joshua Thaver, viola

Manuel Papale, cello

Grant Park Chorus

* denotes leave-of-absence † 2025 Vocal Fellow

Soprano

Laura Lynch Anderson

Kristina Bachrach

Madalynn Baez

Megan E. Bell

Alyssa Bennett

Tamara Bodnar

Kylie Buckham

Anna Joy Buegel

Laura Bumgardner

Katherine Buzard

Bethany Clearfield

Nathalie Colas

Carolyne DalMonte

Megan Fletcher

Kaitlin Foley

Saira Frank

Julia Frodyma

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Kimberly Gunderson

Alexandra Ioan

Alexandra Kassouf

Darlene Kelsey

Olivia Knutsen

Marybeth Kurnat

Katelyn Lee

Kyuyim Lee+

Rosalind Lee

Veronica Mak

Hannah Dixon McConnell

Marie McManama

Kathleen Monson

Susan Nelson

Evangeline Ng

Máire O'Brien

Alexandra Olsavsky

Laura Perkett

Angela Presutti Korbitz

Alexia Rivera

Veronica Samiec

Emily Sinclair

Molly Snodgrass

Tiana Sorenson

Christine Steyer

Sarah van der Ploeg*

Lydia Walsh-Rock

Sherry Watkins

Vocal Fellows

Kyuyim Lee

Isabel Yang

Opal Clyburn-Miller

Matthew Dexter

Alto

Emily Amesquita

Melissa Arning

Christina Bernardoni

Angela Born

Bethany Brewer

Julie DeBoer

Leah Dexter

Katrina Dubbs

Stacy Eckert

Margaret Fox

Catarine Hancock

Ruth Ginelle Heald

Sophia Heinz

Miya Higashiyama

Carla Janzen

Amy Allyssa Johnson

Kathryn Kinjo Duncan

Amanda Koopman

Anna Laurenzo

Jeannette Lee

Thereza Lituma

Chelsea Lyons

Victoria Marshall

Jessica McCarthy

Quinn Middleman

Ella Peters

Sarah Ponder

Emily Price

Stephanie Schoenhofer

Suzanne A. Shields

Marissa Simmons

Cassidy Smith

Aidan Spencer

Alannah Spencer

Margaret Stoltz

Carolyn Sundlof Boudreau

Gabrielle Timofeeva López

Elizabeth Vaughan

Corinne Wallace-Crane

A.J. Wester

Debra Wilder

Isabel Yang+

Tenor

Charles Anderson

Enrico Giuseppe Bellomo

Justin Berkowitz

Madison Bolt

Hoss Brock

Steven Caldicott Wilson

Opal Clyburn-Miller+

John J. Concepción

Micah Dingler

Jared V. Esguerra

Alec Fore

Ace Gangoso

Klaus Georg

Tejas Gururaja

Paul Hunter

Garrett Johannsen

William Johnson

James Judd

Tim Lambert

Tyler Lee

Stephen D. Noon

Marcos Ochoa

Brett Potts

Nicholas Pulikowski

Peder Reiff

Samuel Rosner

Matthew W. Schlesinger

Joe Shadday

Aaron Short

Brian Skoog

Michael St. Peter

Ryan Townsend Strand

Alan Taylor*

Sean J. Watland

Nate Widelitz

Bass

Walter Aldrich

Evan Bravos

Matthew Brennan

Michael Cavalieri

Ryan J. Cox

Ed Frazier Davis

Lifan Deng

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Chris DiMarco

Christopher Filipowicz

Dimitri German

Dominic German

David Govertsen

Spencer Greene

Brian Hupp

Jan Jarvis

Jess Koehn

Eric Miranda

Ian Morris

Ian Murrell

John E. Orduña

Wilbur Pauley

Douglas Peters

Jackson Pierzina

Martin Lowen Poock

Ian Prichard

Dan Richardson

Stephen Richardson

Benjamin D. Rivera

Scott Uddenberg

Schyler Vargas

Vince Wallace

Aaron Wardell

Ronald Watkins

Jonathon Weller

Peter Wesoloski

Jonathan Wilson

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